If Clauses (Conditional Sentences)

A.Conditional Sentences Type I
Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

Form : If + subject + verb 1+ .., subject +  will / can / may + verb 1 + O
                                                                        
When do we use conditional sentence type I ?
a.We use conditional sentence type 1 to talk about possible situations in the present or future.
o If you leave earlier, you will not be late.
o If you open the windows, the room will get some fresh air.
b.We often use conditional type 1 to talk about facts or processes:
o If you heat water to 100 degrees, it will boil.
o If we stare into the sun, we will hurt our eyes.
Example :
1. If I have money, I will give it to you
The fact : It is possible that I have money
2. If I study hard I can pass this subject
The fact : It is possible that I study hard
3. If You work hard You will succeed
The fact : It is possible that You work hard
4. If you Invite me I will come
The fact : It is possible that You invite me
5. If I have the time I will go to Gramedia
The fact : It is possible that I have the time

B.Conditional Sentences Type II :
Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situtions in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine "what would happen if..."

Form : If + Subject + verb 2/ was,were + …,, subject + would / could / might + verb 1 + O
                                                                                          
When do we use conditional sentence type II?
Conditional sentence type 2 is used to talk about actions or situations that are not taking place in the present or future, but we can imagine the probable result.
• If we didn’t live in a big city, we would not have to breathe polluted air everyday. (In truth, we live in a big city)
• If he were here, I would tell him about my plan.
(In fact, he isn’t here)
Example :
1. If I had money, I would give it to you
The fact : I don’t have money so I don’t give it to you
2. If I studied hard I could pass this subject
The fact : I don’t study hard so I don’t pass this subject
3. If You worked hard You would succeed
The fact : You don’t work hard so You don’t will succeed
4. If You invited me I would come
The fact : You don’t invite me so I don’t will come
5. If I had the time I would go to Gramedia
The fact : I don’t have the time so I don’t will go to Gramedia

C.Conditional Sentences Type III
Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.

Form : If + subject + had + verb 3 + …,subject + would / could / might + have + verb 3 + O
                                                                                
When do we use conditional sentence type III?
Conditional sentence type 3 is used to talk about actions or situations that did not take or were not taking place in the past, but we can imagine the probable result.
o If you had come to the party last night, you would have met my cousin. (In truth, you didn’t come to the party last night)
o If he had not been late this morning, his teacher would not have punished him. (In truth, he was late)

Example :
1. If I had had money, I would have given it to you
The fact : I didn’t have money so I didn’t give it to you
2. If I had studied hard I could have passed this subject
The fact : I didn’t study hard so I didn’t pass this subject
3. If You had worked hard You would have succeeded
The fact : You don’t work hard so You don’t succeed
4. If You had invited me I would have come
The fact : I don’t invite me so I don’t come
5. If I had had the time I would have gone to Gramedia
The fact : I didn’t have the time so I didn’t go to Gramedia






Bibliography

1.Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed). NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989.
2.Thomson & Martinet. A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
3.http://www.misterguru.web.id/2011/09/conditional-sentences-type-1-type2.html#ixzz1ouajGQeK
4. http://swarabhaskara.com/miscellaneous/conditional-sentences-part-1/